Encoding		Retrieval cues prime the rest of the memory pathway making the entire memory (the entire neural pathway) easier to retrieve
Storage		Rehearsal of old information prevents encoding of new information
Retrieval		STM = maintaining information for immediate use
Sensory Memory		System for creating perceptual continuity Very brief buffer for all information perceived
Short Term / Working Memory		Items in the environment that activate parts of the memory pathway because they were part of [or related to] the originally encoded pathway
Long Term Memory		Retaining information
2-Track Memory System		Dual processing as both implicit and explicit separately or simultaneously
Implicit Memory		Permanent storage
Automatic Processing		Applying known patterns to new information in order to help organization and retrieval
Procedural Memory		Enhanced recall at the beginning and end of a list of items
Explicit Memory		Memory for factual information
Effortful Processing		Newer information causes older information to become distorted because sources are confused
Chunking		Memory for skills or procedures
Mnemonics		Familiarity judgement that relies on use of retrieval cues
Semantic Memory		Mistakes in rebuilding a memory pathway Retrieval errors resulting in confusion with similar information
Episodic Memory		Enhancement at the beginning of a list; these items get more attention and can be rehearsed more
Spacing Effect		Information encoded is associated with the internal emotional state that it is encoded in and is better retrieved when in that same emotional state again
Memory Consolidation		Creating meaningful units of information to reduce the number of items to be remembered
Testing Effect		Type of processing that requires no or little attention
Recall		Memory system wherein information is implicitly encoded with no effort or attention
Recognition		Type of processing that requires attention and intent
Retrieval Cues		Newest information covers up old information
Priming		Taking information in (requires attention), Learning
Context-Dependence		Information encoded is associated with the context [environment] that it is encoded in
Mood-Congruency or State-Dependence		Enhancement at the end of a list; these items are more likely to still be in short term memory
Serial Position Effect		Memory for personal events
Primacy		Memory system that requires conscious attention for encoding to occur
Recency		Memory is NOT usually exactly as it was encoded: What is remembered is actually retrieved memory plus any associated information plus any prior expectations
Retroactive Interference		Getting information out of memory storage [either recall or recognition]
Proactive Interference		Pruning of neural pathways; Pathways that do not receive use become weaker
Encoding Failures		Repetition of the retrieval processes; retrieval practice that improves retrieval ability
Storage Decay		Information is not usually “forgotten” per se but rather not encoded well in the first place
Misinformation Effect		Self-generated and self-initiated remembering with no cues
False Memory		Unconscious organization and reorganization of memory Occurs either explicitly or implicitly during REM sleep
Reconstruction Errors		Shorter encoding [study] sessions spaced out over time gives an advantage over one long bout of encoding; gives time for consolidation