Skinner, Thorndike, & Watson		social interactions with skillful tutor so learner can observe and practice skills
Skinner, Thorndike, & Watson		external rewards, i.e. pizza parties, extra time in the library, accolades
behaviorist strategies		universal grammar-language is basic instinct
Jean Piaget		behaviorists
sensorimotor		presence of someone with knowledge and skills
pre-operational		figure out the world through sensory and motor experiences
concrete operational		humans have an instinct or an innate sense of language and literacy
formal operational		constructivism - learning is constructed through authentic, real-world experiences
Lev Vygotsky		widely known for the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Lev Vygotsky		scaffolding or supportive activities
ZPD		believed strongly community plays a central role in the process of making meaning
ZPD		abstract thinking, i.e. logic, deductive reasoning, comparison, and classification
ZPD		believed learning is a function of change in overt behavior
Frank Smith		four stages of cognitive development
Louise Rosenblatt		conservation, reversibility, serial ordering, and understanding cause and effect relationships
Noam Chomsky		whole language encourages students to pursue "authentic" reading and writing
Noam Chomsky		identify and use symbols for objects but do not have the ability to apply logical reasoning; play pretend and are egocentric