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Across 1. A plant growth regulator that causes closure of stomata in dry conditions, and inhibits seed germination 4. Part of a DNA molecule that codes for a protein that controls the expression of another gene 7. The transfer of a phosphate group to an organic compound 8. A substance that can cause mutation 10. A closed pathway of reactions in aerobic respiration in a mitochondrion in which hydrogens pass to hydrogen carriers for subesquent ATP syntehsis and some ATP is synthesized directly 13. The physical characteristics of a habitat, such as temperature, light intensity and soil pH. Non-Living 15. The synthesis of ATP using energy stored as a difference in hydrogen ion concentration across a membrane in a chloroplast or mitochondrion 16. the stage in the lifetime of a population in which no growth or decrease takes place; the rate of production of new individuals exactly matches the rate of death 18. The succession taking place in an area where some vegetation was already present 19. The early stages of population growth, in which little or no growth is evident, as the organisms adjust to a new environment 20. All the individuals of a species living in an area at the same time and that can interbreed with one another 22. the particular role played by a species in an ecosystem 27. A sausage-Shaped epidermal cell found in pairs bounding a stoma and controlling its opening or closure 28. A length of DNA containing genes coding for one or more proteins, plus other regions which control whether or not these genes will be expressed 29. Anaerobic Respiration in which glucose is converted to ethanol 31. Two chromosomes that carry the same genes in the same positions (loci) 32. The conversion of gaseous nitrogen, N2, into a more reactive form such as nitrate or ammonia 33. All the living organisms in a particular habitat 35. the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide given out in respiration to that of oxygen used 36. A particular variety of a gene 37. a protein that can bind to part of a DNA molecules, preventing expression of a nearby gene 39. The maximum size of a population that can be supported sustainably (that is over a ling time period) in a particular habitat 43. decarboxylation and dehydrogenation of pyruvate and formation of acetyl coenzyme A, linking glycolysis with the krebs cycle 47. Synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi using energy released by the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration 49. The part of an operon to which RNA polymerase must bind before transcription of the structural genes can begi 50. The succession that occurs on an area where no living things were originally present 51. A genetic disease resulting from a mutation in a gene that codes for an enzyme involved in the metabolism of phenylalanine 52. All the chromosomes except the X and Y (sex) chromosomes 53. The blade of a leaf 54. The apparatus for measuring the rate of oxygen consumption in respiration or for finding the RQ 55. The internal tissue of a leaf blade with chloroplasts for photosynthesis and consisting of an upper layer of palisade cells(main photosynthetic tissue) and a lower layer of spongy mesophyll with large air spaces for gas exchange 56. A cluster of light harvesting accesory pigments surroundig a primary pigment or reaction centre. 57. The final community in a succession

Down 2. A random and unpredicatable change in the structure or number of chromosomes in a cell. 3. the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi using light energy in photosynthesis 5. A graph of the absorbance of different wavelengths of light by a compound such as a photosynthetic pigment 6. An enzyme secreted by some bacteria, such as E.Coli, which enables the cells to absorb lactose 9. The existence of three or more alleles of a gene, as, for example, in the determination of A,B,O blood groups 11. A process in which enrichment of water with nutrients leads to an increase in algae and bacteria, and a reduction in oxygen content 12. a gene that is carried on an X chromosome but not on a Y chromosome 14. A molecule of chlorophyll a that recieves energy from the light absorbed by surrouding accessory pigments in a photosystem 17. The way in which different alleles of genes on different chromosomes may end up in any combination in gametes, resulting from the random alighment of bivalents on the equator during meiosis I 21. Part of an operon to which a repressor protein can bind , so preventing the expression of the structural gene in that operon 23. Chain of adjacently arranged carrier molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane along which electrons pass by redox reactions 24. A plant which can colonise newly cleared or disturbed ground 25. Cutting down all the trees in an area of woodland 26. The rate at which oxygen is used up in a sample of water; a high one indicates a rapid rate of aerobic respiration by bacteria 30. All of the living organisms of all species, and all of the non-living components, that are found together in a defined area and that interact with each other 34. An event that occurs during meiosis I, when chromatids of two homologous chromosomes break and rejoin so that a part of one chromatid swaps places with the same part of the other 38. A pigment that is not essential to photosynthesis but which absorbs light of different wavelengths and passes the energy to chlorophyll a 40. A graph of the rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light 41. Growing different crops in a field in successive years 42. Cutting down trees or shrubs very close to the ground, leaving only a short trunk or stems called a coppice stool; the plant will regrow from this stool and can be coppiced again in several years' time 44. The stage of population growth that follows the lag phase, during which the population repeatedly doubles per unit time 45. A factor which affects a population or a process, that is caused by other living organisms; examples include competition, predation and parasitism 46. the type of cell division that results in a halving of chromosome number and a reshuffling of alleles; in humans it occurs in the formation of gametes 48. A fold of the inner membrane of the mitochondrial envelope on which are found stalked particles of ATP synthase