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Across 5. the region of the Sun’s interior that is between the radiative zone and the photosphere and in which energy is carried upward by convection. 6. an apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locations. 10. a narrow band in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram in which 90 percent of all observed stars are plotted. 12. a bowl shaped depression that forms on the surface of an object when a falling body strikes the object’s surface or an explosion occurs 13. a part of coronal gas that is thrown into space from the Sun. 17. A luminous atmospheric phenomenon appearing as streamers or bands of light visible in the night sky in northern or southern hemispheres caused by charged particles from the sun entering the earth's magnetic field and stimulating molecules in the atmosphere. 18. the outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere. 19. an object so massive and dense that even light cannot escape its gravity. 21. in the orbit of a satellite, the point at which it is farthest from the Earth 22. an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving. 23. in the orbit of a satellite, the point at which it is closest to the Earth 25. the brightness a star would have at a distance of 32.6 light-years from Earth. 28. a bright streak of light that results when a meteoroid burns up in Earth’s atmosphere. 30. a planet that has a deep massive atmosphere (Jupiter, Saturn, etc.) 32. a celestial body that revolves around a body that is larger in mass; a natural satellite 34. the zone of the sun’s interior that is between the core and the convective zone and in which energy moves by radiation. 37. a large dark area of basalt on the Moon 42. the degree of elongation of an elliptical orbit 44. the study of the origin, properties, processes, and evolution of the universe. 45. any one of the 4largest satellites of Jupiter-Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto- discovered by Galileo in 1610 48. a loop of relatively cool, incandescent gas that extends above the photosphere. 49. a rotating cloud of gas and dust from which the sun and planets formed 50. the distance that light travels in 1 year. 51. an explosive release of energy that comes from the Sun and that is associated with magnetic disturbances on the Sun’s surface.

Down 1. a small body of rock, ice and cosmic dust that follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun and that gives off gas and dust in the form of a tail as it passes close to the Sun 2. radiation uniformly detected from every direction in space. 3. a natural or artificial body that revolves around a larger celestial body 4. a small, dim, hot star that is the leftover center of an old star. 7. the change in the illuminated area of the Moon as seen from Earth 8. a region of the solar system that starts just beyond the orbit of Neptune and contains dwarf planets and other small bodies made mostly of ice. 9. a dark area of the photosphere of the Sun that is cooler than the surrounding areas and that has a strong magnetic field. 11. the thin layer of the Sun that is just above the photosphere and glows a reddish color during eclipses. 14. the brightness of a star as seen from Earth. 15. process by which nuclei of small atoms combine to form a new, more massive nucleus; process releases energy. 16. one of the highly dense planets nearest to the Sun 20. a group of stars organized in a recognizable pattern. 24. the passing of the Moon through Earth’s shadow at full moon 26. the theory that all matter and energy in the universe all came from one singularity that exploded and continues to expand. 27. the time required for a body to complete a single orbit 29. the passing of the Moon between the Earth and the Sun; Moon’s shadow falls on Earth 31. a star that suddenly becomes brighter. 33. a small body from which a planet originated in the early stages of development of the solar system 35. a spherical region that surrounds the solar system that extends from the Kuiper Belt to almost halfway to the nearest star, contains billions of comets. 36. a relatively small, rocky body that travels through space. 38. a small rocky object that orbits the Sun 39. a star that has collapsed under gravity to the point that the electrons and protons have smashed together to form neutrons. 40. a large celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light. 41. the innermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere, visible surface of the Sun. 43. a collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity. 46. a very large and bright star whose hot core has used most of its hydrogen. 47. a large cloud of dust and gas in interstellar space; star is born there.