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Across 1. the capital of Ghana 3. he made a pilgrimmage to Mecca 5. The ancient kingdom of Nubia was also known as 7. process by which fertile or semidesert land becomes desert 10. title for the king of Benin 11. emerged as the capital of Songhai 13. grassy plains 15. a new language fused with many Arabic words 17. the biggest desert in Africa 18. term for a family organization in which kinship ties are traced through the father 19. the root language of West Africa 20. means "where the king dwells" 21. distant military stations 22. belief in many Gods and Goddesses

Down 2. farming method in which forest and brush are cut down and burned to create planting fields 4. term for a family organization in which kinship ties are traced through the mother 6. professional storyteller in early West africa 8. family unit consisting of parents and children 9. title for the king of Mali 12. Christian monks built a number of remarkable churches under the reign of this king 14. valuable product 15. extra or excess 16. group claiming a common ancestor 19. south of savanna