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Across 4. Only son alive at time of Charlemagne's death 6. Charlemagne's sword 7. Germanic people who spanned Central Europe 11. NW corner of modern-day France 18. Daughter of Lombardy King; marriage with Charlemagne annulled over war 20. Grandfather of Charlemagne 21. Father of Charlemagne 23. Kingdom in modern-day Hungary 24. Muslims ruling over modern-day Spain 25. Beheading of 4,500 pagan Saxons in 782

Down 1. Home of German rebels; site of 30-year-long war 2. Son of Charlemagne; Sacked Ring of Avars 3. Saxon duke fighting against Charlemagne 5. King of Lombardy, before being conquered by Charlemagne 8. Worst defeat in Charlemagne's military career 9. Heralded knight killed in battle of Roncesvalles Pass 10. Great fortress holding lots of treasure 12. SW European Peninsula, controlled by Moors 13. Emperor of Franks 14. Sacked Ring of Avars with Pepin 15. brother of Charlemagne; died in 771 16. Pope who crowned Charlemagne emperor 17. Line of Frankish kings that succeeded Merovingians 19. Catholic who called on Charlemagne for help from Lombards 22. Land that Charlemagne inherited from father