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Across 1. A Bivens action is only for willful violations of the ________, fifth, and eighth amendments. 4. You may face a Bivens action if you do this in an affidavit. 8. Federal officers may be sued for constitutional violations in a ______ action. 13. The FTCA does not cover federal officers for ___________ torts. 15. The burden of proof is _____ in civil cases than it is in criminal prosecutions. 17. The U.S. will only pay for the intentional torts of ____ ______ ______ who act within scope. 18. Second question in a qualified immunity analysis: was the constitutional right clearly _______? 19. FTCA lawsuits are heard in this federal court. 22. 42 U.S.C. 1983 provides a way to sue _______, local, and D.C. officers for deprivation of civil rights under color of law. 23. An arrest without at least arguable PC violates the _____ Amendment. 24. The FTCA is a partial waiver of the federal government's sovereign _______. 26. This type of trial may result in jail time. 29. All persons at all times have a duty to act this way. 31. FTCA claims must be presented within this many years of the date of injury/damage. 32. A Bivens action is a ______ remedy for constitutional violations. 33. This type of LEO cannot be sued under 42 U.S.C. 1983. 34. A "law enforcement officer" under the FTCA is one who can _______ for fed'l violations or search or seize evidence.

Down 2. Fourth Amendment: you don't have to be right, you just have to be ________. 3. To sue a DEA Special Agent, a plaintiff would use ______. 4. This type of trial usually results in a damage award. 5. To get out from under a constitutional tort suit, you'd ask for this. 6. To stay within the scope of your employment, know your agency ______! 7. To get out from under a negligent or intentional tort suit, you'd assert this. 9. The FTCA only applies if the government employee was within the ____ of employment. 10. Who decides an FTCA case? 11. The U.S. government may be sued for the _______ torts of all federal employees acting within the scope of employment. 12. A _______ tort is one in which the defendant's breach of duty causes damage to the plaintiff. 14. To analyze a use of force incident, the court applies the __________ reasonableness standard. 16. The first question in a qualified immunity analysis: was there a _________ violation? 20. You will lose qualified immunity if you violate a _________ established constitutional right. 21. If you are witnessing an officer commit an ongoing violation of constitutional rights, you have a duty to do this 25. This is a personal/private wrong against a person or property. 27. You have a duty to care for subjects in ______. 28. The duty of care for LEOs is that of a reasonable ______. 30. Negligent and intentional tort lawsuits are based on ______ law.