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Across 1. The use of any element of language more than once - in poetry it is used for musical effects and for emphasis. 5. A rhyme that occurs in a final stressed syllable -- cat/hat. 12. Repetition of the same sound over and over. 13. The set of meanings or ideas associated with a word; can be personal, cultural, or societal. 14. A word's dictionary or literal meaning. 16. A poem that pictures country life in a peaceful, idealized way. 17. A poem's rhythmical pattern -- the number and types of stresses or beats in each line. 18. A line ending in which the sense continues, with no punctuation, into the next line or stanza. 19. Anything that stands for or represents something else. 21. A figure of speech in which two things are compared using the word "like" or "as". 26. Reference to a person, place or event in history or literature 28. A poem that laments the death of a person or one that is simply sad and thoughtful. 30. Poems that tell stories -- ballads, epics, and lays. 31. A pair of rhyming lines, usually of the same length and meter; generally expresses a single idea. 33. A phrase, line, or group of lines that is repeated throughout a poem, usually after every stanza. 34. A form of paradox which brings together contradictory terms -- wise fool, loud silence. 36. The imaginary voice assumed by the writer of a poem. 37. Expresses a seeming contradiction. 38. A formal division of lines in a poem that is considered as a unit. 39. A lyric poem that is serious and thoughtful in tone and has a very precise, formal structure. 40. The repetition of sounds at the ends of words.

Down 2. A figure of speech in which words are used to imitate sounds. 3. A rhyme that occurs in a final unstressed syllable -- pleasure/leisure, longing/yearning. 4. A figure of speech in which nonhuman things are given human attributes. 6. A figure of speech in which deliberate exaggeration is used for emphasis. 7. The repetition or pattern of the same vowel sounds 8. The repetition of consonant sounds at the ends of accented syllables; used to create musical effects. 9. A poem that tells a story similar to a folk tale or legend; often has a repeated refrain. 10. These poems urge the reader to "seize the day" and enjoy the pleasures of the moment. 11. The prominence or emphasis given to particular syllables. These syllables usually stand out because they have long, rather than short vowels, or because they have a different pitch or are louder than other syllables. 15. The pattern of rhyming words in a poem. 20. The stressed and unstressed syllables of a line of poetry are divided into groups of these and the number determines the meter of a poem. 22. The descriptive or figurative language used to create mental pictures for readers; uses one or more of the senses. 23. A figure of speech in which two things are compared without using the words "like" or "as". 24. A poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet. 25. A light, humorous poem of five lines with the rhyme scheme of aabba. 27. A mid-line pause in a line of poetry. 29. A figure of speech in which a positive is stated by negating its opposite -- ex: no small victory. 32. Japanese poem composed of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables that reflects on some aspect of nature. 35. The writer's attitude toward his subject and the audience. 36. A lyric poem that is 14 lines long and is usually written in iambic pentameter.