| ribosomes | | cell that stores lipid |
| osmolarity | | within nucleus; site of ribosomal subunit assembly |
| flagella | | type of membrane protein that is firmly inserted into the phospholipid layers |
| acetylcholine | | cell that fights disease |
| diffusion | | division of the cytoplasm |
| nucleoli | | outer membrane of cell |
| aquaporins | | intracellular chemical signal called second messengers, activate a series of enzymes |
| lysosomes | | glycogen, lipid, pigment, water vacuoles, and crystals are examples; not always present |
| gapjunction | | muscle cell |
| cAMP | | solutions with the same concentration of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in cells |
| transcription | | water specific transmembrane proteins |
| microtubules | | contain enzymes that digest bacteria, viruses, toxins, worn out organelles, glycogen, bone |
| facilitated | | only human example is for sperm; propulsive tail |
| vesicular | | glycoproteins; interact with extracellular space and other cells |
| adipocyte | | transmembrane proteins; selective due to size and charge; some are gated |
| phagocytosis | | transmits action potentials to nerve cells or effectors |
| isotonic | | total concentration of all solute particles in a solution |
| ligands | | water-loving; polar head of phospholipid |
| mitosis | | transport for large particles, macromolecules, and fluids; exocytosis and endocytosis |
| Golgi | | large or solid material is engulfed; limited to certain cells |
| microvilli | | division of the nucleus |
| inclusions | | whiplike, motile cellular extensions that move substances across cells |
| translation | | tendency of molecules or ions to scatter evenly due to kinetic energy |
| macrophage | | signaling chemicals that bind specifically to plasma membrane receptors |
| active | | two subunits; synthesize proteins |
| voltage | | contains DNA; most cells have one, some have many, circulating RBC has none |
| gene | | neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract; inhibits cardiac muscle |
| integral | | type of transport against the gradient that uses ATP; uses carrier proteins |
| channels | | cellular material between plasma membrane and nucleus |
| cilia | | transfer of information from DNA mRNA |
| tRNA | | Na -K ATPase is this type of pump |
| hydrophilic | | core of actin; increase surface area; found in intestinal cells and parts of kidney tubules |
| plasmalemma | | shrinkage of cell placed in a hypertonic solution |
| selective | | type of permeability that allows some substances to pass but not others |
| crenate | | equals membrane potential; results from separation of oppositely charged particles |
| nucleus | | diffusion of solvent through a membrane |
| antiport | | type of diffusion for glucose, amino acids, and ions; no ATP used |
| cytokinesis | | communicating junction between cells; found in cardiac and smooth muscle |
| myocyte | | has anticodon and carries amino acid |
| mitochondria | | segment of DNA specifying a polypeptide chain or structure of RNA |
| neuron | | intermediate products of food fuels are broken down to CO2 and H2O generating ATP |
| cytoplasm | | transfer of information from mRNA to amino acid sequence of protein |
| CAMs | | hollow tubes; determine cell shape; intracellular organelles move along |
| endoplasmicreticulum | | modifies proteins; directs them to secretory vesicles, change of plasma membrane, lysosomes |
| osmosis | | continuous with nuclear membrane; smooth and rough varieties |
