| Coal | | classified principally according to the minerals they consist of and on their chemical composition |
| Quartzite | | nonfoliated metamorphic rock resulting from the metamorphism of limestone |
| Gneis | | currently known only on Earth where it forms a major part of continental crust. |
| Hornfel | | It is usually gray to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava |
| Slate | | fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, metamorphic rock |
| Conglomerate | | fine-grained metamorphic rock |
| Sandstone | | rock composed of angular fragments of several minerals |
| Schist | | a rock consisting of individual stones that have become cemented together |
| Diorite | | Fine-grained aquifer |
| Halite | | metamorphic rock with a high hardness |
| Basalt | | the largest source of fuel for the generation of electricity world-wide |
| Rhyolite | | The vast majority of the Earth's surface |
| Gabbro | | textural term for a volcanic rock |
| Marble | | can be considered as the extrusive equivalent to the plutonic granite rock |
| Breccia | | esults from partial melting of a mafic rock above a subduction zone |
| Granite | | name of a sedimentary carbonate rock |
| Pumice | | a naturally occurring glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock |
| Obsidian | | very resistant to chemical weathering and often forms ridges and resistant hilltops |
| Dolomite | | commonly known as rock salt. |