| Shakespeare | | was composed of aristocrats who made laws and decisions. |
| Athens | | society is governed by small, elite group with inherited status |
| Consul | | appointed dictator of Athens for 1 year. He freed enslaved people, limited land one person cold own, and encouraged trade. |
| gravitas | | Had an atomic theory--said everything was composed of atoms. |
| Aristotle | | name of Draco's harsh law code |
| Senate | | Language of the Roman people, which is still used today by the Catholic church and in legal terms. |
| Patrician | | He believed all in nature could be explained through mathematical relationships. |
| Thales | | Greek word meaning "lover of wisdom." |
| PunicWars | | Wars between Carthage and Rome. |
| monarchy | | Wrote about the very famous assassination of Julius Caesar in the Senate. |
| Spartans | | One who behaved overly ambitious suffers retribution. |
| Veto | | Persia surrounded Spartans. Spartans groomed themselves for death, and fought until the last Spartan died. |
| Cleisthenes | | Considered the Father of Philosophy, he said everything, at a basic level, was made of water. |
| helot | | Macedonian king who reunited the Greeks. |
| Latin | | He rejected Plato's ideal forms. He said that if you wanted to understand something, you must study it. He founded all modern academic subjects, such as Biology, etc. |
| Solon | | Carthogenian commander. |
| Plato | | Athens defeated the Persians. This battle was a turning point in history, because if Persia would have won, Greeks' self-rule, citizenship, and scientific views of the world would have been lost. |
| BattleOfMarathon | | rule of society by the people |
| Socrates | | Located in North Africa, very strong and expanding much as Rome was, war between Rome and this place was inevitable. |
| philosophy | | Athenians founded this group of cities to ward against further Persian threat. |
| BattleOfSalamis | | state has total, unquestioned control over society |
| totalitarian | | Second dictator of Athens for 1 year, he created the first participatory democracy, a legislature called "ecclesia," and a "Council of 500" |
| Democritus | | This war is an example of fear causing a war. Fighting was between Athens and Sparta and lasted 30 years. |
| DelianLeague | | a people of warrior society, ruled by a king. Worshiped a sky god who used a thunderbolt weapon. |
| Republic | | A new emperor of Rome who claimed he had resorted the Republic, although he had complete control of the army and everything else. |
| hubris | | Greek colonies, ruled by Persia. They revolted, and asked Athens to help them. |
| nemesis | | During this period, after Alexander's death, Greek ideas and thinking spread beyond just Greece. |
| Minoans | | An army commander who became very powerful and named himself dictator of Rome. |
| aristocracy | | one who is too ambitious and proud. He tries to be equal to gods. |
| Carthage | | group ruled by an aristocracy, classes were unequal, their ruler was Draco |
| plebeans | | The one word the Tribune could walk in and say during unfair lawmaking, which means, "I forbid." |
| JuliusCaesar | | Greek city-states |
| PhillipII | | worshiped a "mother goddess," great traders, highly sanitary, good roads, women took part in recreation |
| Etruscans | | what Greeks called all other peoples |
| BattleOfThermopylae | | What Romans believed every man should aspire to, which means "grave, serious, and devoted to duty." |
| democracy | | upperclass aristocracy of Rome |
| PelopponnesianWar | | Savage, war-like people who burned down rome and threatened their existence. Rome had to pay them to leave. This traumatic experience caused Romans to become obsessed by strength. |
| TiberiusAndGaiusGracchus | | Son of Phillip II, who was a military genius. He led the Greeks in conquering all of the Ancient world, and wanted "divine honors." |
| oligarchy | | He went down in history as a "mortar for the cause of truth." He questioned, "What is a good life?" and "What is justice?" |
| Pythagoras | | society is ruled by elite, with status inherited by wealth |
| HellenisticPeriod | | Famous for his theory of "ideal forms," he said the sould could make contact with true beauty and goodness. He wrote "The Republic," which described his idea of a perfect government. |
| OfficeOfTribune | | Two brothers who made a last effor to revive the old Republic of Rome. |
| Ionia | | productive people of Rome, who farmed and fought in armies. |
| barbaros | | Patricians, realizing how much they needed the Plebeans, were forced to create this office, which put in place someone who looked out for the common people's interests. |
| Hannibal | | Rome's executive, "Presidential" figure |
| ProfessionalSoldier | | Cruel, war-like people who conquered and ruled the Romans for 100 years. Romans absorbed their culture, which consisted of chariot racing, gladiatorial activities, Trojan dress, etc. |
| Gauls | | Roman government consisting of aristocratic Patricians and commoners called Plebeans |
| Myceneans | | another name for "serf" or enslaved laborer |
| CodeWrittenInBlood | | rule of society by one person |
| polis | | A soldier who devotes most of his lifetime fighting in the army. |
| Octavian | | This group enslaved people, turned into a military society, first totalitarian society in history, defective children were killed. |
| AlexanderTheGreat | | Persians attacked Athens. Athens won, and said this proved that free men fight better than slaves. |
